Systems and methods for detecting inmate to inmate conference calls

ABSTRACT

A system for detecting inmate to inmate conference calls in a correctional facility is disclosed herein. The system includes a database and a conference call detection server, wherein the conference call detection server is configured to monitor a plurality of inmate communications, convert an audio signal of each inmate communication to a frequency domain signal, identify frequency data comprising one or more frequency peaks and corresponding frequency values in the frequency domain signal for each inmate communication, generate a record comprising the frequency data for each inmate communication, resulting in a plurality of records, store the plurality of records in the database, detect an inmate to inmate conference call by matching a frequency subset of a new inmate communication with frequency data in a detected record in the database, and verify the inmate to inmate conference call by matching audio with voice biometric samples.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/189,524, filed on Nov. 13, 2018, which is acontinuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/686,938,filed on Aug. 25, 2017 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,129,392), which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND Field

The disclosure relates to systems and methods for detecting conferencecalls occurring between inmates in a plurality of correctionalfacilities based on frequency analysis.

Background

In a controlled environment, such as a correctional facility, inmateshave limited opportunities to interact with the outside world. Inmatesare allowed to communicate with friends, families, and/or loved onesthrough telephone calls as it improves recidivism and providesincentives for inmates to follow rules and policies of the correctionalfacility.

However, inmates often utilize telephone calls to communicate withrestricted calling parties in order to engage in illicit activityoutside of the prison, threaten parties of interest such as judges andattorneys, and witnesses, and/or communicate with inmates in otherprison facilities regarding potential illegal activities. In order tomaintain security, correctional facilities may prevent inmates fromcalling certain contacts by blacklisting or blocking telephone numbersof restricted calling parties. Nevertheless, inmates may circumvent suchprocedures set by the correctional facility and utilize three-waycalling or conference calling schemes to communicate with restrictedcalling parties without having to dial telephone numbers that have beenblocked.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS/FIGURES

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a partof the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosureand, together with the description, further serve to explain theprinciples of the disclosure and to enable a person skilled in thepertinent art to make and use the embodiments.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an inmate conference calldetection system, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an inmate conference calldetection server in the inmate conference call detection system,according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example power spectrum graph of frequenciesdetected during an inmate communication, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart diagram of a method for generatingfrequency data from inmate communications for conference call detection,according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart diagram of a method for detecting inmateto inmate conference calls based on frequency data from inmatecommunications, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of a general purpose computer thatmay be used to perform various aspects of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure will be described with reference to theaccompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicateidentical or functionally similar elements. Additionally, the left mostdigit(s) of a reference number identifies the drawing in which thereference number first appears.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following Detailed Description refers to accompanying drawings toillustrate exemplary embodiments consistent with the disclosure.References in the Detailed Description to “one exemplary embodiment,”“an exemplary embodiment,” “an example exemplary embodiment,” etc.,indicate that the exemplary embodiment described may include aparticular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every exemplaryembodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature,structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarilyreferring to the same exemplary embodiment. Further, when a particularfeature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with anexemplary embodiment, it is within the knowledge of those skilled in therelevant art(s) to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic inconnection with other exemplary embodiments whether or not explicitlydescribed.

The exemplary embodiments described herein are provided for illustrativepurposes, and are not limiting. Other exemplary embodiments arepossible, and modifications may be made to the exemplary embodimentswithin the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the DetailedDescription is not meant to limit the invention. Rather, the scope ofthe invention is defined only in accordance with the following claimsand their equivalents.

Embodiments may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuits), firmware,software, or any combination thereof. Embodiments may also beimplemented as instructions stored on a machine-readable medium, whichmay be read and executed by one or more processors. A machine-readablemedium may include any mechanism for storing or transmitting informationin a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computing device). For example,a machine-readable medium may include read only memory (ROM); randomaccess memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media;flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms ofpropagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digitalsignals, etc.), and others. Further, firmware, software, routines,instructions may be described herein as performing certain actions.However, it should be appreciated that such descriptions are merely forconvenience and that such actions in fact result from computing devices,processors, controllers, or other devices executing the firmware,software, routines, instructions, etc. Further, any of theimplementation variations may be carried out by a general purposecomputer, as described below.

For purposes of this discussion, any reference to the term “module”shall be understood to include at least one of software, firmware, orhardware (such as one or more circuit, microchip, or device, or anycombination thereof), and any combination thereof. In addition, it willbe understood that each module may include one, or more than one,component within an actual device, and each component that forms a partof the described module may function either cooperatively orindependently of any other component forming a part of the module.Conversely, multiple modules described herein may represent a singlecomponent within an actual device. Further, components within a modulemay be in a single device or distributed among multiple devices in awired or wireless manner.

The following Detailed Description of the exemplary embodiments will sofully reveal the general nature of the invention that others can, byapplying knowledge of those skilled in relevant art(s), readily modifyand/or adapt for various applications such exemplary embodiments,without undue experimentation, without departing from the spirit andscope of the disclosure. Therefore, such adaptations and modificationsare intended to be within the meaning and plurality of equivalents ofthe exemplary embodiments based upon the teaching and guidance presentedherein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminologyherein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, suchthat the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is tobe interpreted by those skilled in relevant art(s) in light of theteachings herein.

Inmate Conference Call Detection System

There is a need for new technologies, systems, and methods to enhancethe detection of inmates communicating with restricted calling partiessuch that correctional facilities may intervene quickly and efficientlyduring calls where illegal activities may be occurring. Accordingly,FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an inmate conference calldetection system 100, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure. Inmate conference call detection system 100 includes aninmate conference call detection server 120 configured to receivecommunication data from a communication center 110. In this disclosure,communication data refers to data collected during real-time audiocommunications between parties, such as voice calls between an inmate ina controlled environment (e.g., correctional facility) using inmatecommunication system 130 and an outsider using outsider communicationsystem 140. In some embodiments, communication data includes thecommunication itself, such as audio of a voice calls, as well as datarelated to the voice call, as will be described in further detail below.In some embodiments, inmate conference call detection server 120 may bereferred to as inmate-to-inmate conference call detection server 120 orconference call detection server 120 as described herein. The inmateconference call detection server 120 connects to the communicationcenter 110 via a network 101. The network 101 includes at least one of alocal area network (LAN), wireless area network (WAN), or the Internet.

In some embodiments, outsider communication system 140 may refer to asecond inmate communication system of a second correctional facilitythat differs from the correctional facility of inmate communicationsystem 130. The communication center 110 connects the inmatecommunication system 130 to the outsider communication system 140. Forexample, the communication center 110 facilitates call routing forparties within a correctional facility and outside parties, such as viadevices within the inmate communication system 130 and outsidercommunication system 140. Inmate communication system 130 includes oneor more communication devices available to inmates to perform voicecalls within a correctional facility and includes any or all devicessuch as a plurality of telephones 132 (e.g., telephones 132 a-132 n) anda plurality of wireless communication devices 134 (e.g., wirelesscommunication devices 134 a-134 n). In an embodiment, the telephones 132comprise payphones and/or landline phones that are located locallywithin the correctional facility, such as in a designated area or roomof the controlled environment. For example, the telephones 132 utilizeanalog “plain old telephony service” (POTS) lines or integrated servicesdigital network (ISDN) lines. In another embodiment, the telephones 132comprise Voice over Internet (VoIP) phones and communicate using digitalpacket-based communication schemes.

Wireless communication devices 134, such as smart phones and othermobile communication devices, are also available to inmates to performvoice calls. These voice calls are routed through a wireless accesspoint 138 (e.g., a router), in which the wireless access point 138provides connectivity to the wireless communication devices 134. In someembodiments, the telephones 132 and/or the wireless communicationdevices 134 are located in an area of the correctional facility that isdifferent from the location of the communication center 110 and/orinmate conference call detection server 120. The communication center110 connects to the telephones 132 and wireless communication devices134 in the inmate communication system 130 via a network 103. Thenetwork 103 comprises at least one of a LAN, WAN, or the Internet. Thecommunication center 110 also connects to the outsider communicationsystem 140. Outsider communication system 140 includes one or morecommunication devices available to outsiders or individuals external tothe correctional facility and/or outside of the inmate communicationsystem 130. For example, outsiders include individuals outside of thecorrectional facility or inmates located in another correctionalfacility that is different from the correctional facility of inmatecommunication system 130. In some embodiments, outsiders may include atleast one of approved calling parties (e.g., individuals with whominmates are permitted to contact and communicate), and restrictedcalling parties (e.g., individuals with whom inmates are restricted fromcontacting and communicating). Outsider communication system 140includes communication devices, such as a plurality of telephones 142(e.g., telephones 142 a-142 n) and a plurality of wireless communicationdevices 144 (e.g., wireless communication devices 144 a-144 n).

In an embodiment, the telephones 142 comprise payphones and/or landlinephones that are located locally within a second correctional facility,such as in a designated area or room of the controlled environment. Forexample, the telephones 142 utilize analog “plain old telephony service”(POTS) lines or integrated services digital network (ISDN) lines. Inanother embodiment, the telephones 142 comprise Voice over Internet(VoIP) phones. The communication center 110 connects to the outsidercommunication system 140 via a network 105, in which the network 105comprises at least one of a WAN, the Internet, and the Public SwitchedTelephone Network (PSTN). In an embodiment, the WAN facilitatescommunications with an outsider communication system 140 in other nearbyprisons, such as correctional facilities within the same county, state,jurisdiction, or the like. For example, telephones 142 and/or wirelesscommunication devices 144 located at other correctional facilitiesprovide cross-facility visitations between inmates. In anotherembodiment, the PSTN is used to provide connectivity to the telephones142 and wireless communication devices 144 over traditional datanetworks.

In some embodiments, inmates may utilize communication devices (e.g.,telephone 132 or wireless communication device 134) in the inmatecommunication system 130 to communicate with a restricted calling partyby using a conference bridge 115. For example, each inmate is restrictedfrom contacting certain individuals, such as other inmates, judges,prosecuting attorneys, victims associated with legal proceedings againsteach inmate, witnesses associated with legal proceedings against eachinmate, and other restricted calling parties. In order to evade suchrestrictions, inmates use their respective communication devices in theinmate communication system 130 to dial a phone number corresponding toconference bridge 115 in order to communicate with restricted callingparties in the outsider communication system 140.

The conference bridge 115 allows two or more inmates to communicatetogether by connecting communication devices together in a conferencecall. The conference bridge 115 and corresponding conference call can beset up by a third party who provides the conference call phone numberand/or one or more access codes to the inmates who wish to communicatewith each other. For example, a first inmate and a second inmate bothdial the conference call phone number on their respective devices ininmate communication system 130 and outsider communication system 140,respectively, and the conference bridge 115 connects the first inmateand the second inmate together on a conference call. Thus, inmates areable to communicate with restricted contacts by using the conferencebridge 115 and without having to dial the phone number of a restrictedcontact.

In other embodiments, inmates are solely able to dial phone numbers ofapproved calling parties that have been approved by the correctionalfacility. For example, inmates using inmate communication system 130 maybe able to communicate with friends, family members, and/or loved onesand may solely be permitted to dial phone numbers corresponding to theseapproved calling parties. In order to circumvent the policies andregulations of the correctional facility and communicate with restrictedcalling parties, an inmate may use telephone 132 or wirelesscommunication device 134 in inmate communication system 130 to dial aphone number that is listed on a whitelist of phone numbers for contactswith whom the inmate is allowed to communicate, and the phone call maybe redirected or forwarded to another destination, such as theconference call phone number associated with the conference bridge 115.A restricted calling party (such as another inmate in a secondcorrectional facility) can also use telephone 142 or wirelesscommunication device 144 in outsider communication system 140 to dialinto the conference call phone number associated with the conferencebridge 115 by using similar call forwarding schemes. Thus, by usingconference calls through conference bridge 115, inmates often circumventsecurity measures and regulations of correctional facilities in order toengage in illicit activity outside of the prison, threaten parties ofinterest such as judges and attorneys, and witnesses, and communicatewith inmates in other prison facilities about possibly illegal activity.

In order to detect inmates communicating with restricted callingparties, inmate conference call detection server 120 is configured toanalyze communication data obtained from voice calls occurring betweeninmates in inmate communication system 130 and outsiders (e.g., approvedcalling parties, restricted calling parties, and/or other inmates) inoutsider communication system 140. The inmate conference call detectionserver 120 detects conference calls that may be occurring betweeninmates and restricted calling parties (e.g., inmate to inmateconference calls) based on the analyzed communication data and furtherutilizes voice biometrics data to verify the identities of inmatesand/or restricted calling parties in the detected conferences calls, aswill be described in further detail below.

Inmate Conference Call Detection Server and Example Power Spectrum

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of the inmate conference calldetection server 200, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure. Inmate conference call detection server 200 represents anexemplary embodiment of inmate conference call detection server 120 inFIG. 1. Inmate conference call detection server 200 includes one or moreservers or other types of computing devices that may be embodied in anynumber of ways. For instance, the modules, other functional components,and data may be implemented on a single server, a cluster of servers, aserver farm or data center, a cloud-hosted computing service, and soforth, although other computer architectures may additionally oralternatively be used.

Further, while the figures illustrate the components and data of theinmate conference call detection server 200 as being present in a singlelocation, these components and data may alternatively be distributedacross different computing devices and different locations in anymanner. Consequently, the functions may be implemented by one or morecomputing devices, with the various functionality described abovedistributed in various ways across the different computing devices.Multiple inmate conference call detection servers 200 may be locatedtogether or separately, and organized, for example, as virtual servers,server banks and/or server farms. The described functionality may beprovided by the servers of a single entity or enterprise, or may beprovided by the servers and/or services of multiple different entitiesor enterprises.

In the illustrated example, the inmate conference call detection server200 includes one or more processors 202, one or more computer-readablemedia 204, and one or more communication interfaces 206. Each processor202 is a single processing unit or a number of processing units, and mayinclude single or multiple computing units or multiple processing cores.The processor(s) 202 can be implemented as one or more microprocessors,microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, centralprocessing units, state machines, logic circuitries, and/or any devicesthat manipulate signals based on operational instructions. For instance,the processor(s) 202 may be one or more hardware processors and/or logiccircuits of any suitable type specifically programmed or configured toexecute the algorithms and processes described herein. The processor(s)202 can be configured to fetch and execute computer-readableinstructions stored in the computer-readable media 204, which canprogram the processor(s) 202 to perform the functions described herein.

The computer-readable media 204 include volatile and nonvolatile memoryand/or removable and non-removable media implemented in any type oftechnology for storage of information, such as computer-readableinstructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Suchcomputer-readable media 204 include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM,EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, optical storage, solidstate storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, network attachedstorage, storage area networks, cloud storage, or any other medium thatcan be used to store the desired information and that can be accessed bya computing device. Depending on the configuration of the inmateconference call detection server 200, the computer-readable media 204may be a type of computer-readable storage media and/or may be atangible non-transitory media to the extent that when mentioned,non-transitory computer-readable media exclude media such as energy,carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals per se.

The computer-readable media 204 is used to store any number offunctional components that are executable by the processors 202. In manyimplementations, these functional components comprise instructions orprograms that are executable by the processors and that, when executed,specifically configure the one or more processors 202 to perform theactions attributed above to the inmate conference call detection server200. In addition, the computer-readable media 204 store data used forperforming the operations described herein.

In the illustrated example, the computer-readable media 204 furtherincludes communication module 208, inmate profile module 210, fastFourier transform (FFT) module 212, peak detection module 214, inmatecommunication database 216, conference call detection module 218, andvoice biometrics module 228. Communication module 208 receives andmanages communication data for inmate communications in correctionalfacilities. Communication module 208 facilitates monitoring, processing,and/or recording of audio collected during voice calls between an inmatein a controlled environment using inmate communication system 130 and anoutsider using outsider communication system 140. In some embodiments,communication module 208 receives inmate communication data, such asaudio signals from inmate communications, from communication center 110.For example, communication module 208 receives an audio signal for eachinmate communication in a plurality of inmate communications fromcommunication center 110, and the audio signal of each inmatecommunication is represented as a time domain signal. In some cases,communication module 208 receives and stores inmate communication data(including time domain audio signals for each inmate communication) inthe communication module 208 itself or in inmate communication database216.

In additional embodiments, communication module 208 is also configuredto perform decryption and/or encryption of communication data receivedfrom the communication center 110. In some cases, communication dataincludes audio signals collected during inmate communications and themetadata of each inmate communication. For example, communication module208 decrypts communication data received from the communication center110 to extract the audio signal for each inmate communication. Thecommunication module 208 may also encrypt the communication data forsecurity purposes and transmit the encrypted communication data to oneor more computing devices associated with monitors, correctionsofficers, guards, or other employees of the correctional facility foradditional review or investigation. In some embodiments, communicationmodule 208 performs conversion of communication data received from thecommunication center 110 to different formats in order to extract and/oridentify metadata from the communication data.

Metadata includes data associated with the communication data, whichincludes at least one of a date and time of the communication, a type ofencoding (e.g., audio compression and decompression), a rate of encoding(e.g., bit rate), a location of devices utilized during thecommunication, which device(s) are being used for the communication(e.g., telephone 132 or wireless communication device 134), and otherattributes or characteristics of the communication. In addition toobtaining and managing communication data, the communication module 208communicates with inmate profile module 210, fast Fourier transform(FFT) module 212, peak detection module 214, inmate communicationdatabase 216, conference call detection module 218, and/or voicebiometrics module 228 to provide the stored inmate communication datafor further analysis.

Inmate profile module 210 obtains and stores profile information andinmate calling information for each inmate in the correctional facility.In some embodiments, inmate profile module 210 obtains profileinformation related to the inmates from one or more of (a) a jailmanagement system (JMS) or an offender management system (OMS) operatedby the jurisdiction of the correctional facility, (b) public databasecontaining information on the inmates, or (c) a questionnaire providedby a web page, a personal approved number (PAN) list, or bookinginformation. In some embodiments, profile information obtained by inmateprofile module 210 includes personal information for each inmate, suchas names, previous residences or correctional facilities, authorizedcontacts (e.g., including a name, identity, phone number, and the likefor each authorized contact), family members, and languages. Inadditional embodiments, the inmate profile module 210 also obtainsbooking information or case information for each inmate, such as names,addresses, and contact information (e.g., phone numbers) of one or moreattorneys, judges, witnesses, or other individuals pertinent to aninmate's case.

By collecting this information, the inmate profile module 210 isconfigured to determine, for each inmate, a whitelist of contacts thatthe inmate is allowed to contact (e.g., approved calling parties) and/ora blacklist of contacts that the inmate is restricted from contacting(e.g., restricted calling parties). For example, the whitelist and/orblacklist include names, identities, and phone numbers for each listedcontact. In some cases, conference call detection module 218 and/orvoice biometrics module 228 communicates with inmate profile module 210(as described below) to access the whitelist and/or blacklist data toidentify whether or not an inmate is violating rules of the correctionalfacility by conference calling a restricted calling party (e.g., ablacklisted contact).

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module 212 manages the conversion of audiosignals of inmate communications to frequency domain signals. Inparticular, FFT module 212 receives audio signals for inmatecommunications from the communication module 208 and computes a fastFourier transform (FFT) of each audio signal in the time domain. The FFTis a computationally efficient mathematical technique that convertsdigital information from the time domain to the frequency domain forrapid spectral analysis. Furthermore, the FFT is an algorithmicoptimization of the discrete Fourier transform (“DFT”), in that the FFTproduces the same results at the DFT by using fewer computations thanthe DFT. In particular, the DFT breaks down a digital signal into itsfrequency components (e.g., a summation of harmonically-related cosineand sine waves). For a discrete (e.g., digital) signal, x[t], with Nsamples, the DFT is defined as:

X[w _(k)]=Σ_(n=0) ^(N−1) x[t _(n)]e ^(−w) ^(k) ^(t) ^(n) , k=0,1,2, . .. ,N−1  (1)

In equation (1), x[t_(n)] is the signal in the time domain, t_(n) is then_(th) sampling instant, w_(k) is the k_(th) frequency sample (e.g., thek_(th) frequency component), and X[w_(k)] is the DFT of the signal. TheDFT computes a complex coefficient for each frequency component thatcomprises the time domain signal, and e^(−jw) ^(k) ^(t) ^(n) can bebroken down into a cosine and sine component (e.g., e^(−jw) ^(k) ^(t)^(n) =cos(w_(k)t_(n))+sin(w_(k)t_(n))). Thus, the complex coefficient isa representation of a cosine and sine wave (each with a frequency w_(k))that comprises the k_(th) frequency component of the signal. The realcomponent of the complex coefficient is the magnitude of the cosinewave, and the imaginary component of the complex coefficient is themagnitude of the sine wave.

The complex coefficient can also be used to calculate the overallmagnitude and phase of the corresponding component. Specifically, themagnitude (or amplitude) of the component is the square root of the sumof the squares of the real and imaginary components of the correspondingcoefficient divided by N samples:

$\begin{matrix}{{Magntitude} = \frac{\sqrt{{Real}^{2} + {Imaginary}^{2}}}{N}} & (2)\end{matrix}$

The phase is the cotangent of the imaginary component divided by thereal component:

$\begin{matrix}{{Phase} = {\cot \left( \frac{Imaginary}{Real} \right)}} & (3)\end{matrix}$

Thus, the FFT module 212 uses the mathematical properties of the DFT (orthe FFT) to compute magnitude and phase for each component thatcomprises a digital signal. By computing the FFT of an audio signal ofeach inmate communication, the FFT module 212 converts the audio signalin the time domain to a frequency domain signal in order to obtainspectral data from the audio signal. For example, spectral data includesmagnitudes and phases for real and imaginary components of complexcoefficients of each frequency component of an audio signal. In someembodiments, the FFT module 212 applies a Fourier transform to the timedomain signal of each inmate communication over a predetermined windowof time for the inmate communication. For example, the predeterminedwindow of time includes a 512 sample width of the audio signal or a 1024sample width of the audio signal. The predetermined window of time forconverting an audio signal from the time domain to the frequency domainmay be different or the same for each inmate communication received bythe FFT module 212. In some cases, FFT module 212 transmits theconverted frequency domain signal and the resulting spectral data foreach inmate communication to the peak detection module 214, such thatthe peak detection module 214 may perform spectral analysis of thefrequency domain signals.

Peak detection module 214 detects frequency peaks and correspondingfrequency values in frequency domain signals of inmate communications.In some embodiments, peak detection module 214 receives spectral datafrom the FFT module 212, including magnitudes and phases for real andimaginary components of complex coefficients of each frequency componentof an audio signal. Using the spectral data, peak detection module 214computes a power spectrum (e.g., a frequency spectrum graph) that plotsthe magnitude against frequency representation of the frequency domainsignal obtained from each inmate communication. For example, FIG. 3illustrates an example power spectrum graph 300 of frequencies detectedduring an inmate communication, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure. In particular, the power spectrum graph 300 illustrates anexample of frequency spectrums detected at a point in time during aninmate communication. The power spectrum graph 300 shows a plurality offrequency peaks of various magnitudes. Peak detection module 214identifies one or more frequency peaks in a frequency domain signal foreach inmate communication using a power spectrum graph, such as powerspectrum graph 300.

In some cases, peak detection module 214 identifies frequency peaks in afrequency domain signal by applying a peak detection algorithm toidentify the highest frequency peaks of the same amplitude. For example,peak detection module 214 identifies a first frequency peak in thefrequency domain signal, a first frequency value corresponding to thefirst frequency peak, and a first amplitude value of the first frequencypeak. The peak detection module 214 further identifies a secondfrequency peak in the frequency domain signal, a second frequency valuecorresponding to the second frequency peak, and a second amplitude valueof the second frequency peak, wherein the first amplitude value and thesecond amplitude value are the same. In some cases, there may be severalfrequency peaks in the power spectrum, but peak detection module 214 maysolely identify the frequency peaks of the highest amplitude (ormagnitude) with respect to the other frequency peaks in the powerspectrum. For example, with respect to the power spectrum graph 300 inFIG. 3, peak detection module 214 may identify two frequency peaks at300 Hz and 420 Hz with the highest magnitude of 0.9 with respect to themagnitude values of the other frequency peaks in the power spectrumgraph 300. In other cases, peak detection module 214 may identifymultiple frequency peaks (e.g., more than two peaks) that are of thesame amplitude (e.g., and the highest amplitude). In some embodiments,peak detection module 214 may detect all frequency peaks with anamplitude over a predetermined threshold value. For example, withrespect to the power spectrum graph 300 in FIG. 3, peak detection module214 may identify all peaks with an amplitude above 0.7 or anotherpredetermined threshold value by applying a peak detection algorithm tothe power spectrum graph 300. In some cases, peak detection module 214may identify a frequency peak as a part of the frequency spectrum wherea frequency value in the frequency domain signal is 3-4 dB higher (inamplitude) than the frequency values on either side of the peak.Additionally, peak detection module 214 communicates with inmatecommunication database 216 to store frequency data, including the one ormore detected frequency peaks and frequency values for each inmatecommunication.

Inmate communication database 216 comprises any number of databasesand/or servers, and stores and organizes data in one or more relationaldatabases. Inmate communication database 216 runs a database managementsystem, such as MYSQL™, to provide an example. In particular, inmatecommunication database 216 receives frequency data, including the one ormore detected frequency peaks and frequency values for each inmatecommunication, from peak detection module 214 and generates records foreach inmate communication. For example, inmate communication database216 creates a record including frequency data regarding each detectedfrequency peak and the frequency value corresponding to each peak andstores each record. In some cases, inmate communication database 216creates and manages a plurality of records for a plurality of inmatecommunications. The plurality of records in the inmate communicationdatabase 216 includes frequency information for calls received over apredetermined period of time, such as 30 days, one month, 6 months, oneyear, or any other time period. Additionally, the plurality of recordsmay be updated by the inmate conference call detection server 200periodically, such as every hour, day, week, or the like. The pluralityof records managed and stored by inmate communication database 216 areaccessible by conference call detection module 218 and/or voicebiometrics module 228 in order to detect inmate to inmate conferencecalls and verify detected conference calls using voice biometrics.

Conference call detection module 218 detects inmate to inmate conferencecalls in correctional facilities. In particular, conference calldetection module 218 detects inmate to inmate conference calls bydetermining whether portions of frequency domain signals for variousinmate communications match each other. For example, conference calldetection module performs frequency matching utilizing the frequencydata identified by peak detection module 214 and stored in inmatecommunication database 216. In some embodiments, frequency matchingrefers to matching a frequency peak, a frequency value, and timepoint(s) in a frequency domain signal of an inmate communication with afrequency peak, a frequency value, and time point(s) in a frequencydomain signal of another inmate communication. In some embodiments,conference call detection module 218 performs queries to search for andretrieve frequency data from the inmate communication database 216 forfrequency matching. For example, inmate conference call detection server200 may receive communication data regarding an inmate communication,and conference call detection module 218 queries the inmatecommunication database 216 to search for a record in the inmatecommunication database 216 that matches a portion of the frequencydomain signal corresponding to the received inmate communication.

In some embodiments, conference call detection module 218 determineswhether an inmate communication matches frequency data in a record inthe inmate communication database 216 by querying for records of inmatephone calls that overlap at or near real-time with the inmatecommunication and have the same dialed phone number as the inmatecommunication. For example, conference call detection module 218 firstqueries the inmate communication database 216 by providing a list ofparameters corresponding to the received inmate communication. Theparameters may be related to the metadata of the inmate communicationdata received from communication center. For example, conference calldetection module 218 may query the inmate communication database 216 byproviding values corresponding to parameters, such as at least one of adate of the inmate communication, a time of the inmate communication, atype of encoding of the communication, a rate of encoding of thecommunication, a location of the device utilized during thecommunication, a phone number dialed during the communication, and thelike. The conference call detection module 218 transmits the queryincluding the specified parameter values to the inmate communicationdatabase 216, and the conference call detection module 218 receives alist of records from the inmate communication database 216 that matchthe specified parameter values. In some cases, by querying the inmatecommunication database 216, the conference call detection module 218narrows down the number of records in the inmate communication database216 that may match the received inmate communication data.

After performing the query, the conference call detection module 218 mayhave multiple records to parse through in order to detect conferencecalls, and the conference call detection module 218 utilizes each recordto find matches of the frequency data of the received inmatecommunication with frequency data stored in each record. For example,the conference call detection module 218 performs frequency matching todetermine whether a portion of the frequency domain signal correspondingto the received inmate communication matches a first subset of frequencydata stored in a first record. The first record stores data regardingeach frequency peak, each frequency value, and time point(s) at whicheach frequency peak occurs for an inmate communication. The conferencecall detection module 218 determines whether frequency peaks andfrequency values of a portion of the frequency domain signalcorresponding to the received inmate communication matches the firstsubset of frequency data stored in a first record.

In particular, the conference call detection module 218 identifies howmany frequency peaks and values stored in a first record match with thefrequency peaks and frequency values of the portion of the frequencydomain signal corresponding to the received inmate communication. Insome embodiments, a frequency match refers to a frequency peak, afrequency value, and time point(s) in a frequency domain signal of afirst inmate communication that are the same as or similar to afrequency peak, a frequency value, and time point(s) in a frequencydomain signal of a second inmate communication. Conference calldetection module 218 identifies the number of frequency matches betweentwo inmate communications and determines whether the number of frequencymatches is above or below a predetermined threshold value. In someembodiments, a predetermined threshold value comprises a value for anumber of matches that indicates that a sufficient number of frequencydata points have been matched to detect an inmate to inmate conferencecall. For example, the predetermined threshold value may comprise 5, 10,25, 50, or another value indicating that the number of frequency matchesmeets a mandatory level for inmate to inmate conference call detection.

If the conference call detection module 218 determines that the numberof frequency matches is below the predetermined threshold value, thenconference call detection module 218 matches the one or more frequencypeaks and frequency values of the portion of the new frequency domainsignal with another subset of frequency data stored in another record ininmate communication database 216. In particular, the conference calldetection module 218 may continue to match the frequency peaks andfrequency values of the portion of the new frequency domain signal withmultiple subsets of frequency data (e.g., stored in multiple records ininmate communication database 216) until a sufficient number offrequency data points of the new frequency domain signal match with thefrequency data in a particular subset. In other words, the conferencecall detection module 218 performs multiple iterations of frequencymatching until the number of frequency matches is greater than or equalto the predetermined threshold value.

If the conference call detection module 218 determines that the numberof frequency matches is above the predetermined threshold value, thenconference call detection module 218 detects an inmate to inmateconference call between a first inmate and a second inmate. For example,the conference call detection module 218 detects that the first inmate(e.g., an inmate associated with the subset of frequency data stored inthe first record) was conferenced in and/or communicating with a secondinmate (e.g., an inmate associated with the received inmatecommunication). By identifying matching frequencies between frequencydomain signals of various inmate communications, the conference calldetection module 218 is configured to detect when inmates arecircumventing policies of the correctional facility to communicate withothers via conference calls.

In some embodiments, the conference call detection module 218 alsocommunicates with inmate profile module 210 and/or voice biometricsmodule 228 to determine the identity of restricted calling parties withwhom an inmate is communicating on a conference call. For example, theconference call detection module 218 accesses inmate profile module 210to retrieve a blacklist of restricted calling parties and a white listof approved calling parties for an inmate to identify whether a calledparty is restricted or approved by the correctional facility. In someembodiments, the conference call detection module 218 communicates withvoice biometrics module 228 to verify the identities of the inmate andthe calling parties on a detected conference call, as will be describedbelow.

Voice biometrics module 228 manages voice biometrics data and verifiesthe detection of inmate to inmate conference calls. For example, voicebiometrics module 228 stores a voiceprint database comprising audiovoiceprints of a plurality of inmates and a list of inmate identitiescorresponding to each audio voiceprint. In some embodiments, voicebiometrics module 228 receives an alert or notification from conferencecall detection module 218 regarding a detected inmate conference callindicating matching frequencies between a received inmate communicationand a record stored in the inmate communication database 216. Voicebiometrics module 228 accesses a portion of the audio corresponding tothe received inmate communication (e.g., from communication module 208)and also audio corresponding to the record stored in the inmatecommunication database 216. Voice biometrics module 228 then matches thetwo audio samples with audio voiceprints from the voiceprint database.For example, the voice biometrics module 228 matches the two audiosamples with audio voiceprints corresponding to two inmates. In someembodiments, voice biometrics module 228 matches the audio samples withaudio voiceprints by using combination of frequency estimation, hiddenMarkov models, Gaussian mixture models, pattern matching algorithms,neural networks, matrix representation methods, vector quantization,and/or decision tree methods.

Voice biometrics module 228 identifies a matching voiceprint from thedatabase and a confidence value for each audio sample. The confidencevalue reflects the degree of match. A higher confidence value indicatesa greater degree of matching than a lower confidence value. After theinmate identities have been determined using the voiceprints, the voicebiometrics module 228 accesses inmate profiles corresponding to the twoinmates from the inmate profile module 210 to identify restricted andapproved calling parties in the detected inmate conference call. Thevoice biometrics module 228 may transmit notifications or alertsregarding the detected inmate to inmate conference call to one or morecomputing devices associated with monitors, corrections officers,guards, or other employees of the correctional facility for additionalreview or investigation.

Additional functional components stored in the computer-readable media204 include an operating system 230 for controlling and managing variousfunctions of the inmate conference call detection server 200. The inmateconference call detection server 200 also includes or maintains otherfunctional components and data, such as other modules and data, whichinclude programs, drivers, and the like, and the data used or generatedby the functional components. Further, the inmate conference calldetection server 200 includes many other logical, programmatic andphysical components, of which those described above are merely examplesthat are related to the discussion herein.

The communication interface(s) 206 include one or more interfaces andhardware components for enabling communication with various otherdevices, including communication devices operated by inmates and calledparties, such as telephones 132 and/or 142, wireless communicationdevices 134 and/or 144, or other computing devices, over network 103 ornetwork 105. For example, communication interface(s) 206 facilitatecommunication through one or more of the Internet, cable networks,cellular networks, wireless networks (e.g., Wi-Fi, cellular) and wirednetworks. As several examples, the inmate conference call detectionserver 200 and communication devices communicate and interact with oneanother using any combination of suitable communication and networkingprotocols, such as Internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol(TCP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), cellular or radiocommunication protocols, and so forth. Examples of communicationinterface(s) include a modem, a network interface (such as an Ethernetcard), a communications port, a PCMCIA slot and card, and the like. Theinmate conference call detection server 200 may further be equipped withvarious input/output (I/O) devices 232. Such I/O devices include adisplay, various user interface controls (e.g., buttons, joystick,keyboard, mouse, touch screen, and the like), audio speakers, connectionports and so forth.

System Operation

Operations of generating frequency data from inmate communications anddetecting inmate to inmate conference calls based on the frequency datathrough inmate conference call detection system 100 will be describedwith respect to FIGS. 4 and 5. Although the physical devices andcomponents that form the system have largely already been described,additional details regarding their more nuanced operation will bedescribed below with respect to FIGS. 1-3. While FIGS. 4 and 5 containmethods of operation of generating frequency data from inmatecommunications and detecting inmate to inmate conference calls based onthe frequency data through inmate conference call detection server 200,the operations are not limited to the order described below, and variousoperations can be performed in a different order. Further, two or moreoperations of each method can be performed simultaneously with eachother.

FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart diagram of a method 400 of generatingfrequency data from inmate communications for conference call detection,via a conference call detection server, such as inmate conference calldetection server 200 of FIG. 2, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure. The steps of method 400 are performed by modules of inmateconference call detection server 200, such as communication module 208,fast Fourier transform (FFT) module 212, peak detection module 214,and/or inmate communication database 216.

Method 400 of FIG. 4 begins with step 401 of monitoring a plurality ofinmate communications. For example, communication module 208 of inmateconference call detection server 200 receives inmate communication datafor a plurality of inmate communications from communication center 110,wherein each inmate communication comprises an audio signal. Each inmatecommunication includes a participating inmate from among a plurality ofinmates in the correctional facility. In some cases, communicationmodule 208 of inmate conference call detection server 200 receives theinmate communication data from an inmate communication device, such astelephone 132 or wireless communication device 134.

At step 402, the inmate conference call detection server converts theaudio signal of each inmate communication to a frequency domain signal.For example, the FFT module 212 converts the audio signal of each inmatecommunication from a time domain signal to a frequency domain signal byapplying a Fourier transform to the time domain over a predeterminedwindow of time. At step 403, the inmate conference call detection serveridentifies one or more frequency peaks in the frequency domain signalfor each inmate communication and frequency values corresponding to eachfrequency peak. For example, peak detection module 214 of inmateconference call detection server 200 identifies frequency peaks in afrequency domain signal by identifying the highest frequency peaks ofthe same amplitude in a power spectrum graph corresponding to thefrequency domain signal of each inmate communication. The peak detectionmodule 214 also identifies the frequency value of each of the frequencypeaks of the same amplitude.

At step 404, the inmate conference call detection server generates arecord for each inmate communication comprising frequency data regardingthe one or more frequency peaks and frequency values of each inmatecommunication. For example, inmate communication database 216 receivesfrequency data regarding the one or more detected frequency peaks andfrequency values for each inmate communication from the peak detectionmodule 214. Using the frequency data, inmate communication database 216creates a record including frequency data regarding each detectedfrequency peak and the frequency value corresponding to each peak,resulting in a plurality of records corresponding to a plurality ofinmate communications.

At step 405, the inmate conference call detection server stores theplurality of records in the inmate communication database. For example,inmate conference call detection server 200 stores the plurality ofrecords in the inmate communication database 216. The plurality ofrecords stored in the inmate communication database 216 are accessibleby conference call detection module 218 and/or voice biometrics module228 in order to detect inmate to inmate conference calls and verifydetected conference calls using voice biometrics.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart diagram of a method 500 of detectinginmate to inmate conference calls based on frequency data from inmatecommunications, via a conference call detection server, such as inmateconference call detection server 200 of FIG. 2, according to embodimentsof the present disclosure. The steps of method 500 are performed bymodules of inmate conference call detection server 200, such ascommunication module 208, inmate profile module 210, fast Fouriertransform (FFT) module 212, peak detection module 214, inmatecommunication database 216, and/or voice biometrics module 228. In someembodiments, the steps of method 500 may be performed after the steps ofmethod 400 of generating frequency data from inmate communications andstoring the frequency data as a plurality of records in inmatecommunication database 216.

Method 500 of FIG. 5 begins with step 501 of monitoring a new inmatecommunication comprising a new audio signal. For example, communicationmodule 208 of inmate conference call detection server 200 receivesinmate communication data for a new inmate communication fromcommunication center 110, wherein the new inmate communication comprisesa new audio signal. In some embodiments, communication module 208 ofinmate conference call detection server 200 receives data for the newinmate communication from an inmate communication device, such astelephone 132 or wireless communication device 134. In some cases, a newinmate communication refers to an inmate communication received at ornear real-time from an inmate communication device subsequent to thesteps of method 400 in FIG. 4. In particular, the new inmatecommunication refers to a subsequent inmate communication receivedand/or monitored by inmate conference call detection server 200 afterinmate conference call detection server 200 generates and stores aplurality of records for frequency data of inmate communications ininmate communication database 216.

At step 502, the inmate conference call detection server converts thenew audio signal of the new inmate communication to a new frequencydomain signal. For example, the FFT module 212 converts the new audiosignal of the new inmate communication from a time domain signal to afrequency domain signal by applying a Fourier transform to the timedomain over a predetermined window of time. At step 503, the inmateconference call detection server identifies one or more frequency peaksin the frequency domain signal for the new inmate communication andfrequency values corresponding to each frequency peak. For example, peakdetection module 214 of inmate conference call detection server 200identifies frequency peaks in a frequency domain signal by identifyingthe highest frequency peaks of the same amplitude in a power spectrumgraph corresponding to the frequency domain signal. The peak detectionmodule 214 also identifies the frequency value of each of the frequencypeaks of the same amplitude.

At step 504, the inmate conference call detection server queries aninmate communication database to determine that a portion of the newfrequency domain signal matches frequency data in a detected record inthe inmate communication database. For example, conference calldetection module 218 of the inmate conference call detection server 200queries the inmate communication database 216 to search for a record inthe inmate communication database 216 with frequency data that matches aportion of the new frequency domain signal for the new inmatecommunication. The conference call detection module 218 determines thata portion of the new frequency domain signal for the new inmatecommunication matches frequency data in a detected record in inmatecommunication database 216, and the detected record includes a detectedaudio signal. The detected audio signal corresponds to an inmatecommunication associated with the detected record. At step 505, theinmate conference call detection server matches one or more frequencypeaks and frequency values of the portion of the new frequency domainsignal with a first subset of frequency data. For example, conferencecall detection module 218 of the inmate conference call detection server200 matches one or more frequency peaks and frequency values of theportion of the new frequency domain signal with a first subset offrequency data stored in a first detected record in inmate communicationdatabase 216.

At step 506, the inmate conference call detection server identifies anumber of frequency matches based on the matching. For example,conference call detection module 218 of the inmate conference calldetection server 200 identifies how many frequency matches have beenmade during the matching at step 505. In particular, conference calldetection module 218 identifies the number of matching frequency peaksbetween the frequency peaks and frequency values of the portion of thenew frequency domain signal and the frequency peaks and frequency valuesof the first subset of frequency data stored in the first detectedrecord in inmate communication database 216. At step 507, the inmateconference call detection server determines whether the number offrequency matches is above or below a predetermined threshold value. Forexample, conference call detection module 218 of the inmate conferencecall detection server 200 determines whether the number of frequencymatches is above or below the predetermined threshold value in order toidentify whether a sufficient number of frequency data points have beenmatched to detect an inmate to inmate conference call.

If the inmate conference call detection server determines that thenumber of frequency matches is below the predetermined threshold value,then method 500 in this example proceeds to step 508. At step 508, theinmate conference call detection server matches the one or morefrequency peaks and frequency values of the portion of the new frequencydomain signal with another subset of frequency data. For example,conference call detection module 218 of the inmate conference calldetection server 200 matches one or more frequency peaks and frequencyvalues of the portion of the new frequency domain signal with anothersubset of frequency data stored in another detected record (e.g., asecond detected record) in inmate communication database 216. Inparticular, the conference call detection module 218 may continue tomatch the frequency peaks and frequency values of the portion of the newfrequency domain signal with multiple subsets of frequency data (e.g.,stored in multiple records in inmate communication database 216) until asufficient number of frequency data points of the new frequency domainsignal match with the frequency data in a particular subset. In otherwords, the conference call detection module 218 performs multipleiterations of frequency matching at step 508 until the number offrequency matches is greater than or equal to the predeterminedthreshold value.

If the inmate conference call detection server determines that thenumber of frequency matches is greater than or equal to thepredetermined threshold value, then method 500 in this example proceedsto step 509. At step 509, the inmate conference call detection serverdetects an inmate to inmate conference call between a first inmateassociated with the first subset of frequency data and a second inmateassociated with the new inmate communication. For example, conferencecall detection module 218 of the inmate conference call detection server200 detects that the first inmate associated with the first subset offrequency data participated in a conference call with the second inmateassociated with the new inmate communication in response to determiningthat the number of frequency matches is above the predeterminedthreshold value.

At step 510, the inmate conference call detection server verifies theinmate to inmate conference call by matching the new audio signalcorresponding to the portion of the new frequency domain signal and thedetected audio signal (e.g., the audio signal corresponding to the firstdetected record) with voice biometric samples. For example, voicebiometrics module 228 of the inmate conference call detection server 200verifies the inmate to inmate conference call by matching a portion ofthe new audio signal corresponding to the portion of the new frequencydomain signal and the detected audio signal with voice biometricsamples. The voice biometrics module 228 stores audio voiceprints of aplurality of inmates and a list of inmate identities corresponding tothe audio voiceprints. In particular, the voice biometrics module 228verifies the inmate to inmate conference call by matching the new audiosignal with an audio voiceprint corresponding to the second inmateassociated with the new inmate communication and matching the detectedaudio with another audio voiceprint corresponding to the first inmateassociated with the first subset of frequency data.

Exemplary Computer Implementation

It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) thatvarious elements and features of the present disclosure, as describedherein, can be implemented in hardware using analog and/or digitalcircuits, in software, through the execution of computer instructions byone or more general purpose or special-purpose processors, or as acombination of hardware and software.

The following description of a general purpose computer system isprovided for the sake of completeness. Embodiments of the presentdisclosure can be implemented in hardware, or as a combination ofsoftware and hardware. Consequently, embodiments of the disclosure maybe implemented in the environment of a computer system or otherprocessing system. For example, the methods of FIGS. 4-5 can beimplemented in the environment of one or more computer systems or otherprocessing systems. An example of such a computer system 600 is shown inFIG. 6. One or more of the modules depicted in the previous figures canbe at least partially implemented on one or more distinct computersystems 600.

Computer system 600 includes one or more processors, such as processor604. Processor 604 can be a special purpose or a general purpose digitalsignal processor. Processor 604 is connected to a communicationinfrastructure 602 (for example, a bus or network). Various softwareimplementations are described in terms of this exemplary computersystem. After reading this description, it will become apparent to aperson skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the disclosureusing other computer systems and/or computer architectures.

Computer system 600 also includes a main memory 606, preferably randomaccess memory (RAM), and may also include a secondary memory 608.Secondary memory 608 may include, for example, a hard disk drive 610and/or a removable storage drive 612, representing a floppy disk drive,a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, or the like. Removablestorage drive 612 reads from and/or writes to a removable storage unit616 in a well-known manner. Removable storage unit 616 represents afloppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, or the like, which is read byand written to by removable storage drive 612. As will be appreciated bypersons skilled in the relevant art(s), removable storage unit 616includes a computer usable storage medium having stored therein computersoftware and/or data.

In alternative implementations, secondary memory 608 may include othersimilar means for allowing computer programs or other instructions to beloaded into computer system 600. Such means may include, for example, aremovable storage unit 618 and an interface 614. Examples of such meansmay include a program cartridge and cartridge interface (such as thatfound in video game devices), a removable memory chip (such as an EPROM,or PROM) and associated socket, a thumb drive and USB port, and otherremovable storage units 618 and interfaces 614 which allow software anddata to be transferred from removable storage unit 618 to computersystem 600.

Computer system 600 may also include a communications interface 620.Communications interface 620 allows software and data to be transferredbetween computer system 600 and external devices. Examples ofcommunications interface 620 may include a modem, a network interface(such as an Ethernet card), a communications port, a PCMCIA slot andcard, etc. Software and data transferred via communications interface620 are in the form of signals which may be electronic, electromagnetic,optical, or other signals capable of being received by communicationsinterface 620. These signals are provided to communications interface620 via a communications path 622. Communications path 622 carriessignals and may be implemented using wire or cable, fiber optics, aphone line, a cellular phone link, an RF link and other communicationschannels.

As used herein, the terms “computer program medium” and “computerreadable medium” are used to generally refer to tangible storage mediasuch as removable storage units 616 and 618 or a hard disk installed inhard disk drive 610. These computer program products are means forproviding software to computer system 600.

Computer programs (also called computer control logic) are stored inmain memory 606 and/or secondary memory 608. Computer programs may alsobe received via communications interface 620. Such computer programs,when executed, enable the computer system 600 to implement the presentdisclosure as discussed herein. In particular, the computer programs,when executed, enable processor 604 to implement the processes of thepresent disclosure, such as any of the methods described herein.Accordingly, such computer programs represent controllers of thecomputer system 600. Where the disclosure is implemented using software,the software may be stored in a computer program product and loaded intocomputer system 600 using removable storage drive 612, interface 614, orcommunications interface 620.

In another embodiment, features of the disclosure are implementedprimarily in hardware using, for example, hardware components such asapplication-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and gate arrays.Implementation of a hardware state machine so as to perform thefunctions described herein will also be apparent to persons skilled inthe relevant art(s).

CONCLUSION

It is to be appreciated that the Detailed Description section, and notthe Abstract section, is intended to be used to interpret the claims.The Abstract section may set forth one or more, but not all exemplaryembodiments, and thus, is not intended to limit the disclosure and theappended claims in any way.

The disclosure has been described above with the aid of functionalbuilding blocks illustrating the implementation of specified functionsand relationships thereof. The boundaries of these functional buildingblocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of thedescription. Alternate boundaries may be defined so long as thespecified functions and relationships thereof are appropriatelyperformed.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s) that variouschanges in form and detail can be made therein without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure should notbe limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, butshould be defined only in accordance with the following claims and theirequivalents.

1. (canceled)
 2. A system for detecting inmate to inmate conferencecalls, the system comprising: an inmate communication database storing aplurality of records corresponding to inmate communications at aplurality of correctional facilities; an inmate communication deviceassociated with a first inmate in a first correctional facility; and aconference call detection server comprising at least one processor and amemory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receiveinmate communication data of the first inmate from the inmatecommunication device; convert an audio signal of the inmatecommunication data to a frequency domain signal; query the inmatecommunication database using parameter values corresponding to theinmate communication data; receive a list of records from the inmatecommunication database based on the querying, wherein the list ofrecords comprises a subset of the plurality of records with datamatching one or more of the parameter values; determine that a portionof the frequency domain signal matches frequency data in a firstdetected record in the list of records; and detect an inmate to inmateconference call between the first inmate and a second inmate at a secondcorrectional facility based on the determination.
 3. The system of claim2, wherein the parameter values corresponding to the inmatecommunication data comprise at least one of a date of an inmatecommunication corresponding to the inmate communication data, a time ofthe inmate communication, a type of encoding of the inmatecommunication, a rate of encoding of the inmate communication, alocation of the inmate communication device utilized during the inmatecommunication, and a phone number dialed during the inmatecommunication.
 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the determining thatthe portion of the frequency domain signal matches the frequency datacomprises: matching frequency peaks and frequency values of the portionof the frequency domain signal with a first subset of frequency datastored in the first detected record; identifying a number of frequencymatches based on the matching; and determining whether the number offrequency matches is above or below a predetermined threshold value. 5.The system of claim 4, wherein the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to: detect the inmate to inmate conference call between thefirst inmate and the second inmate associated with the first subset offrequency data in response to determining that the number of frequencymatches is above the predetermined threshold value.
 6. The system ofclaim 4, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:match the frequency peaks and the frequency values of the portion of thefrequency domain signal with a second subset of frequency data stored ina second detected record in the list of records in response todetermining that the number of frequency matches is below thepredetermined threshold value.
 7. The system of claim 2, wherein theinmate communication database is further configured to store voicebiometric samples, and the at least one processor is further configuredto: verify the detected inmate to inmate conference call by matching theaudio signal with one or more of the voice biometric samples.
 8. Amethod for detecting inmate to inmate conference calls in a plurality ofcorrectional facilities, the method comprising: receiving, at an inmateconference call detection server, inmate communication data from aninmate communication device of a first inmate in a first correctionalfacility; converting an audio signal of the inmate communication data toa frequency domain signal; querying an inmate communication databaseusing parameter values corresponding to the inmate communication data,wherein the inmate communication database is configured to store aplurality of records corresponding to inmate communications at theplurality of correctional facilities; receiving a list of records fromthe inmate communication database based on the querying, wherein thelist of records comprises a subset of the plurality of records with datamatching one or more of the parameter values; determining that a portionof the frequency domain signal matches frequency data in a firstdetected record in the list of records; and detecting an inmate toinmate conference call between the first inmate and a second inmate at asecond correctional facility based on the determination.
 9. The methodof claim 8, wherein the parameter values corresponding to the inmatecommunication data comprise at least one of a date of an inmatecommunication corresponding to the inmate communication data, a time ofthe inmate communication, a type of encoding of the inmatecommunication, a rate of encoding of the inmate communication, alocation of the inmate communication device utilized during the inmatecommunication, and a phone number dialed during the inmate communication10. The method of claim 8, wherein the determining that the portion ofthe frequency domain signal matches the frequency data comprises:matching frequency peaks and frequency values of the portion of thefrequency domain signal with a first subset of frequency data stored inthe first detected record; identifying a number of frequency matchesbased on the matching; and determining whether the number of frequencymatches is above or below a predetermined threshold value.
 11. Themethod of claim 10, further comprising: detecting the inmate to inmateconference call between the first inmate and the second inmateassociated with the first subset of frequency data in response todetermining that the number of frequency matches is above thepredetermined threshold value.
 12. The method of claim 10, furthercomprising: matching the frequency peaks and the frequency values of theportion of the frequency domain signal with a second subset of frequencydata stored in a second detected record in the list of records inresponse to determining that the number of frequency matches is belowthe predetermined threshold value.
 13. The method of claim 8, whereineach record of the plurality of records in the inmate communicationdatabase comprises data regarding one or more frequency peaks, frequencyvalues, and time data regarding time points at which each frequency peakoccurred for each inmate communication at the plurality of correctionalfacilities.
 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising: verifying thedetected inmate to inmate conference call by matching the audio signalwith one or more of voice biometric samples stored in the inmatecommunication database.
 15. An inmate conference call detection servercomprising: an inmate communication database configured to store aplurality of records corresponding to inmate communications at aplurality of correctional facilities; and at least one processorconfigured to: receive inmate communication data from an inmatecommunication device of a first inmate in a first correctional facility;convert an audio signal of the inmate communication data to a frequencydomain signal; query the inmate communication database using parametervalues corresponding to the inmate communication data; receive a list ofrecords from the inmate communication database based on the querying,wherein the list of records comprises a subset of the plurality ofrecords with data matching one or more of the parameter values;determine that a portion of the frequency domain signal matchesfrequency data in a first detected record in the list of records; anddetect an inmate to inmate conference call between the first inmate anda second inmate at a second correctional facility based on thedetermination.
 16. The inmate conference call detection server of claim15, wherein the parameter values corresponding to the inmatecommunication data comprises at least one of a date of an inmatecommunication corresponding to the inmate communication data, a time ofthe inmate communication, a type of encoding of the inmatecommunication, a rate of encoding of the inmate communication, alocation of the inmate communication device utilized during the inmatecommunication, and a phone number dialed during the inmatecommunication.
 17. The inmate conference call detection server method ofclaim 15, wherein the determining that the portion of the frequencydomain signal matches the frequency data comprises: matching frequencypeaks and frequency values of the portion of the frequency domain signalwith a first subset of frequency data stored in the first detectedrecord; identifying a number of frequency matches based on the matching;and determining whether the number of frequency matches is above orbelow a predetermined threshold value.
 18. The inmate conference calldetection server of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor isfurther configured to: detect the inmate to inmate conference callbetween the first inmate and the second inmate associated with the firstsubset of frequency data in response to determining that the number offrequency matches is above the predetermined threshold value.
 19. Theinmate conference call detection server of claim 17, wherein the atleast one processor is further configured to: match the frequency peaksand the frequency values of the portion of the frequency domain signalwith a second subset of frequency data stored in a second detectedrecord in the list of records in response to determining that the numberof frequency matches is below the predetermined threshold value.
 20. Theinmate conference call detection server of claim 15, wherein each recordof the plurality of records in the inmate communication databasecomprises data regarding one or more frequency peaks, frequency values,and time data regarding time points at which each frequency peakoccurred for each inmate communication at the plurality of correctionalfacilities.
 21. The inmate conference call detection server of claim 15,wherein the inmate communication database is further configured to storevoice biometric samples, and the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to: verify the detected inmate to inmate conference call bymatching the audio signal with one or more of the voice biometricsamples.